STM32 internal temperature and voltage reference

Most - if not all - STM32 MCUs have a built-in temperature sensor (and a built-in voltage reference). While this temperature sensor needs calibration to achieve any kind of precision, it is usable to detect temperature changes.

Both the temperature sensor and the internal reference voltage are hooked up to the built-in ADC.

For this example, we are going to be using a so-called Black Pill board. The Black Pill board is using a STM32F411 and according to the datasheet that MCU has got one 12-bit ADC with up to 16 channels.