Stm32World Wiki - Recent changes [en]

CAN bus

Lth — Wed, 19 Aug 2026 04:26:40 GMT

CAN Frame

Cyclic Redundancy Check

Lth — Wed, 19 Aug 2026 04:26:04 GMT

CRC

Lth — Wed, 19 Aug 2026 04:25:11 GMT

Lth moved page CRC to Cyclic Redundancy Check

New page

[[CRC]] is short for "Cyclic Redundancy Check".

CAN bus

Lth — Wed, 19 Aug 2026 04:22:41 GMT

CAN bus length vs. speed

File:CAN Bus Speed Limit.png

Lth — Wed, 19 Aug 2026 04:21:40 GMT

Lth uploaded File:CAN Bus Speed Limit.png File uploaded with MsUpload

New page

File uploaded with MsUpload

STM32 CAN

Lth — Mon, 17 Aug 2026 04:06:38 GMT

Videos

Streamline CAN Bus

Lth — Mon, 17 Aug 2026 04:05:04 GMT

Streamline CAN Bus

Lth — Mon, 17 Aug 2026 04:04:53 GMT

Created page with "{{Video |series=STM32 Tutorial Video |number=97 |title=Streamline CAN Bus |youtube-id=urtuDQOOEH0 |description=CAN bus on CurrentMakers streamline. }}"

New page

{{Video
|series=STM32 Tutorial Video
|number=97
|title=Streamline CAN Bus
|youtube-id=urtuDQOOEH0
|description=CAN bus on CurrentMakers streamline.
}}

CAN bus

Lth — Mon, 17 Aug 2026 01:47:49 GMT

CAN Frame

Neopixel WS2812 RGB LED (part 1)

Lth — Sat, 15 Aug 2026 04:52:38 GMT

Created page with "{{Video |series=RP Pico Video |number=14 |title=Neopixel WS2812 RGB LED (part 1) |youtube-id=QLq5hNKwWlk |description=Driving Neopixel WS2812 addressable RGB LEDs using a RP23..."

New page

{{Video
|series=RP Pico Video
|number=14
|title=Neopixel WS2812 RGB LED (part 1)
|youtube-id=QLq5hNKwWlk
|description=Driving Neopixel WS2812 addressable RGB LEDs using a RP2350. We will implement a PIO state machine to take care of the timing. We will also demonstrate how efficiency can be increased by offloading the data transfer to DMA.
}}

Power (and a bit I forgot)

Lth — Thu, 13 Aug 2026 08:04:33 GMT

Created page with "{{Video |series=Electronics Video |number=6 |title=Power (and a bit I forgot) |youtube-id=sLBSLPhS5UY |description=In this Getting Started Tutorial video we will cover Electri..."

New page

{{Video
|series=Electronics Video
|number=6
|title=Power (and a bit I forgot)
|youtube-id=sLBSLPhS5UY
|description=In this Getting Started Tutorial video we will cover Electrical Power - what it is and why you need to know. We will also cover Zener diodes, which we forgot to cover in the previous video.
}}

MIDI Synthesizer - STM32C071 and TinyUSB

Lth — Mon, 10 Aug 2026 07:40:53 GMT

Created page with "{{Video |series=STM32 Tutorial Video |number=97 |title=MIDI Synthesizer - STM32C071 and TinyUSB |youtube-id=sH7dBeBEMlg |description=In this video we will implement a (pretty..."

New page

{{Video
|series=STM32 Tutorial Video
|number=97
|title=MIDI Synthesizer - STM32C071 and TinyUSB
|youtube-id=sH7dBeBEMlg
|description=In this video we will implement a (pretty shitty) USB MIDI device acting like a simple synthesizer using nothing but PWM and a passive buzzer.
}}

FreeRTOS on RP Pico - Semaphores Notifications Queues and Timers

Lth — Sat, 08 Aug 2026 07:28:39 GMT

Created page with "{{Video |series=RP Pico Video |number=13 |title=FreeRTOS on RP Pico - Semaphores Notifications Queues and Timers |youtube-id=MkHc4k1Tz4w |description=In this video we cover ho..."

New page

{{Video
|series=RP Pico Video
|number=13
|title=FreeRTOS on RP Pico - Semaphores Notifications Queues and Timers
|youtube-id=MkHc4k1Tz4w
|description=In this video we cover how to use FreeRTOS Semaphores, Notifications, Queues and Timers with RP2350.
}}

STM32 Hidden Flash

Lth — Sat, 08 Aug 2026 00:55:07 GMT

Video

File:Example datasheet STM32G474xB STM32G474xC STM32G474xE.png

Lth — Sat, 08 Aug 2026 00:52:14 GMT

Lth uploaded File:Example datasheet STM32G474xB STM32G474xC STM32G474xE.png File uploaded with MsUpload

New page

File uploaded with MsUpload

STM32 Secret - FREE Hidden Flash

Lth — Thu, 06 Aug 2026 04:14:14 GMT

Created page with "{{Video |series=STM32 Short Video |number=13 |title=STM32 Secret - FREE Hidden Flash |youtube-id=lMNvgP76n2E |description=In this video we will expose the HIDDEN flash partiti..."

New page

{{Video
|series=STM32 Short Video
|number=13
|title=STM32 Secret - FREE Hidden Flash
|youtube-id=lMNvgP76n2E
|description=In this video we will expose the HIDDEN flash partition included in many STM32 Microcontrollers. When you watch this video you will learn what to look for, how to test and most importantly how to use this flash memory.
}}

STM32F40x

Lth — Wed, 05 Aug 2026 10:45:47 GMT

Redirected page to STM32F405xx/STM32F407xx

New page

#REDIRECT [[STM32F405xx/STM32F407xx]]

STM32 Hidden Flash

Lth — Wed, 05 Aug 2026 10:44:40 GMT

STM32L432Kx Flash Size

Lth — Wed, 05 Aug 2026 10:29:01 GMT

Lth moved page STM32L432Kx Flash Size to STM32 Hidden Flash

New page

[[Category:STM32]][[Category:Flash]][[Category:STM32 Hardware]][[Category:STM32 Documentation]][[Category:STM32 Development]]{{metadesc|STM32L432Kx Flash Size}}[[File:FidoKey rev. a - top view.jpg|thumb]]
The STM32L432Kx is available with two different flash sizes. The STM32L432KB has got 128 kB while the STM32L432KC has got 256 kB.
I recently created a USB "key" using the STM32L432. The reason for using this specific [[STM32]] [[MCU]] was twofold:

# It is small
# It's got a built-in 48 MHz oscillator precise enough to use USB without an external crystal

Unfortunately, while I wanted the 256 kB version, only the 128 kB version was available.

[[File:STM32L432 Part Numbering.png|600px]]

The [[STM32]] [[Blue Pill]] boards mostly use Chinese clone [[MCU]]s but there has been a lot of writing about the original ones having 128 kB of flash rather than the 64 kB specified by the datasheet. There is even a [https://mecrisp-stellaris-folkdoc.sourceforge.io/bluepill-diagnostics-v1.6.html test tool] available which can test for the hidden flash.

Inspired by this, I decided to test the STM32L432KB on my own board. As per the datasheet this processor is supposed to have 128 kB of flash ranging from 0x8000000 to 0x801FFFF.

== Testing ==
[[File:Flash Size Test Setup.jpg|thumb|300px|STM32L432 Test Setup]]

=== Checking device ===

<pre>
lth@ncpws04:~/tmp$ st-info --probe
Found 1 stlink programmers
version: V2J45S31
serial: 066CFF3933584B3043184346
flash: 131072 (pagesize: 2048)
sram: 49152
chipid: 0x435
dev-type: STM32L41x_L42x
</pre>

Notice that the device reports 128 kB of flash - as is expected.

=== Generating Test Data ===

First step is to create a 256 kB file with random data.

<pre>
lth@ncpws04:~/tmp$ dd if=/dev/urandom of=random.bin bs=1k count=256
256+0 records in
256+0 records out
262144 bytes (262 kB, 256 KiB) copied, 0.0012241 s, 214 MB/s
</pre>

=== Writing data to MCU ===

The random.bin file is of a size which should only be possible to flash on STM32L432KC.

First step is to flash normal:

<pre>
lth@ncpws04:~/tmp$ st-flash write random.bin 0x8000000
st-flash 1.8.0
2024-09-02T10:30:01 INFO common.c: STM32L41x_L42x: 48 KiB SRAM, 128 KiB flash in at least 2 KiB pages.
file random.bin md5 checksum: 5f7ebd5c822e7408e6279445eb1444a, stlink checksum: 0x01fe53dd
2024-09-02T10:30:01 INFO common_flash.c: Attempting to write 262144 (0x40000) bytes to stm32 address: 134217728 (0x8000000)
2024-09-02T10:30:01 ERROR common_flash.c: The size exceeds the size of the flash (0x00020000 bytes available)
stlink_fwrite_flash() == -1
</pre>

As expected this failed. The [[MCU]] reports 128 kB of flash and we attempt to write 256 kB. We can however instruct st-flash to ignore that and attempt to write the entire file:

<pre>
lth@ncpws04:~/tmp$ st-flash --flash=256k write random.bin 0x8000000
st-flash 1.8.0
2024-09-02T10:30:26 INFO common.c: STM32L41x_L42x: 48 KiB SRAM, 128 KiB flash in at least 2 KiB pages.
Forcing flash size: --flash=0x00040000
file random.bin md5 checksum: 5f7ebd5c822e7408e6279445eb1444a, stlink checksum: 0x01fe53dd
2024-09-02T10:30:26 INFO common_flash.c: Attempting to write 262144 (0x40000) bytes to stm32 address: 134217728 (0x8000000)
EraseFlash - Page:0x10 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8008000 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x11 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8008800 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x12 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8009000 erased (size: 0x800
EraseFlash - Page:0x13 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8009800 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x14 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x800a000 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x15 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x800a800 erased (size: 0x800
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EraseFlash - Page:0x31 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8018800 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x32 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8019000 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x33 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8019800 erased (size: 0x800
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EraseFlash - Page:0x37 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x801b800 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x38 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x801c000 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x39 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x801c800 erased (size: 0x800
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EraseFlash - Page:0x3d Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x801e800 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x3e Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x801f000 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x3f Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x801f800 erased (size: 0x800
EraseFlash - Page:0x40 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8020000 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x41 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8020800 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x42 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8021000 erased (size: 0x800
EraseFlash - Page:0x43 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8021800 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x44 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8022000 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x45 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8022800 erased (size: 0x800
EraseFlash - Page:0x46 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8023000 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x47 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8023800 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x48 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8024000 erased (size: 0x800
EraseFlash - Page:0x49 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8024800 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x4a Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8025000 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x4b Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8025800 erased (size: 0x800
EraseFlash - Page:0x4c Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8026000 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x4d Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8026800 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x4e Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8027000 erased (size: 0x800
EraseFlash - Page:0x4f Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8027800 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x50 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8028000 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x51 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8028800 erased (size: 0x800
EraseFlash - Page:0x52 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8029000 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x53 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8029800 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x54 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x802a000 erased (size: 0x800
EraseFlash - Page:0x55 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x802a800 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x56 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x802b000 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x57 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x802b800 erased (size: 0x800
EraseFlash - Page:0x58 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x802c000 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x59 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x802c800 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x5a Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x802d000 erased (size: 0x800
EraseFlash - Page:0x5b Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x802d800 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x5c Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x802e000 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x5d Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x802e800 erased (size: 0x800
EraseFlash - Page:0x5e Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x802f000 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x5f Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x802f800 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x60 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8030000 erased (size: 0x800
EraseFlash - Page:0x61 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8030800 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x62 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8031000 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x63 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8031800 erased (size: 0x800
EraseFlash - Page:0x64 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8032000 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x65 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8032800 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x66 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8033000 erased (size: 0x800
EraseFlash - Page:0x67 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8033800 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x68 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8034000 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x69 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8034800 erased (size: 0x800
EraseFlash - Page:0x6a Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8035000 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x6b Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8035800 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x6c Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8036000 erased (size: 0x800
EraseFlash - Page:0x6d Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8036800 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x6e Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8037000 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x6f Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8037800 erased (size: 0x800
EraseFlash - Page:0x70 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8038000 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x71 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8038800 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x72 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8039000 erased (size: 0x800
EraseFlash - Page:0x73 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x8039800 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x74 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x803a000 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x75 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x803a800 erased (size: 0x800
EraseFlash - Page:0x76 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x803b000 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x77 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x803b800 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x78 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x803c000 erased (size: 0x800
EraseFlash - Page:0x79 Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x803c800 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x7a Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x803d000 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x7b Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x803d800 erased (size: 0x800
EraseFlash - Page:0x7c Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x803e000 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x7d Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x803e800 erased (size: 0x800EraseFlash - Page:0x7e Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x803f000 erased (size: 0x800
EraseFlash - Page:0x7f Size:0x800 -> Flash page at 0x803f800 erased (size: 0x800)
2024-09-02T10:30:29 INFO flash_loader.c: Starting Flash write for F2/F4/F7/L4
2024-09-02T10:30:29 INFO flash_loader.c: Successfully loaded flash loader in sram
2024-09-02T10:30:29 INFO flash_loader.c: Clear DFSR
2024-09-02T10:30:35 INFO common_flash.c: Starting verification of write complete
2024-09-02T10:30:37 INFO common_flash.c: Flash written and verified! jolly good!
</pre>

That went well - no errors reported. Now let's try to read that flash into a file:

=== Reading data from the MCU ===

To be absolutely certain, read the data back into a new file:

<pre>
lth@ncpws04:~/tmp$ st-flash --flash=256k read random2.bin 0x8000000 0x40000
st-flash 1.8.0
2024-09-02T10:31:51 INFO common.c: STM32L41x_L42x: 48 KiB SRAM, 128 KiB flash in at least 2 KiB pages.
Forcing flash size: --flash=0x00040000
2024-09-02T10:31:51 INFO common.c: read from address 0x08000000 size 262144
</pre>

No complaints!

=== Compare data ===

Finally we can verify that the data read from the MCU matches the data we wrote to the MCU:

<pre>
lth@ncpws04:~/tmp$ md5sum random*
5f7ebd5c822e07408e6279445eb1444a random2.bin
5f7ebd5c822e07408e6279445eb1444a random.bin
</pre>

They are identical, so it is absolutely confirmed that this particular STM32L432KB is in fact a STM32L432KC which identifies as a STM32L432KB.

== Miscellaneous Links ==

* [https://ipfs-pin.com/ipfs/QmcYpvigogWESmwTEFM5GYZc6st2SJRAoqwKWJ8ZDtgiXb/stm32l432kb.pdf STM32L432 Datasheet]
* [https://mecrisp-stellaris-folkdoc.sourceforge.io/bluepill-diagnostics-v1.6.html Bluepill Diagnostics Tool]

Diode

Lth — Wed, 05 Aug 2026 05:30:39 GMT

Gallery

File:Zener diode symbol-2.svg

Lth — Wed, 05 Aug 2026 05:30:12 GMT

Lth uploaded File:Zener diode symbol-2.svg File uploaded with MsUpload

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Electrical Power

Lth — Wed, 05 Aug 2026 04:35:37 GMT

Diode

Lth — Wed, 05 Aug 2026 04:22:05 GMT

Gallery

File:Zener diode symbol.svg

Lth — Wed, 05 Aug 2026 04:21:31 GMT

Lth uploaded File:Zener diode symbol.svg File uploaded with MsUpload

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Circuits

Lth — Wed, 05 Aug 2026 03:49:43 GMT

Electrical Power

Lth — Wed, 05 Aug 2026 02:55:40 GMT

Circuits

Lth — Wed, 05 Aug 2026 02:53:34 GMT

Electrical Power

Lth — Wed, 05 Aug 2026 02:52:55 GMT

Electric Power

Lth — Wed, 05 Aug 2026 02:51:55 GMT

Lth moved page Electric Power to Electrical Power

Electric Power

Lth — Wed, 05 Aug 2026 02:29:54 GMT

Created page with "Category:Electronics {{#ev:youtube|U293YOWHa2I}}"

New page

[[Category:Electronics]]

{{#ev:youtube|U293YOWHa2I}}

TM1638

Lth — Mon, 03 Aug 2026 23:04:19 GMT

File:TM1629 EN.pdf

Lth — Mon, 03 Aug 2026 23:00:41 GMT

Lth uploaded File:TM1629 EN.pdf TM1629 English datasheet

New page

== Summary ==
TM1629 English datasheet

TM1638 Display and Button Module

Lth — Mon, 03 Aug 2026 08:16:38 GMT

Created page with "{{Video |series=STM32 Tutorial Video |number=96 |title=TM1638 Display and Button Module |youtube-id=LOdNR7JfgiQ |description=In this video we will develop and describe a libra..."

New page

{{Video
|series=STM32 Tutorial Video
|number=96
|title=TM1638 Display and Button Module
|youtube-id=LOdNR7JfgiQ
|description=In this video we will develop and describe a library for the TM1638 display&button module. We will also explain how to interface a 5V module with a 3.3V STM32 and how Open Drain GPIO is actually functioning.
}}

STM32C071 Deep Dive

Lth — Mon, 03 Aug 2026 08:16:05 GMT

Undo revision 8003 by Lth (talk)

FreeRTOS on RP Pico

Lth — Sat, 01 Aug 2026 01:57:48 GMT

Created page with "{{Video |series=RP Pico Video |number=12 |title=FreeRTOS on RP Pico |youtube-id=WGBsXnDsxvM |description=In this video we cover how to use FreeRTOS with RP2350. We also show..."

New page

{{Video
|series=RP Pico Video
|number=12
|title=FreeRTOS on RP Pico
|youtube-id=WGBsXnDsxvM
|description=In this video we cover how to use FreeRTOS with RP2350. We also show the benefit of overclocking (if needed).
}}

Diode

Lth — Thu, 30 Jul 2026 07:46:42 GMT

Diodes

Lth — Thu, 30 Jul 2026 07:34:27 GMT

Created page with "{{Video |series=Electronics Video |number=5 |title=Diodes |youtube-id=zQDHaaK0Dow |description=In this video we will cover Diodes - what are they, what do they do and where do..."

New page

{{Video
|series=Electronics Video
|number=5
|title=Diodes
|youtube-id=zQDHaaK0Dow
|description=In this video we will cover Diodes - what are they, what do they do and where do you use them.
}}

@@ Line 82: / Line 82: @@
 | bgcolor=red| Data field (red)|| 0–64 (0-8 bytes)|| Data to be transmitted (length in bytes dictated by DLC field)
 |-
-| CRC|| 15|| [[Cyclic redundancy check#CRC-15-CAN|Cyclic redundancy check]]
+| CRC|| 15|| [[Cyclic redundancy check#CRC-15-CAN|Cyclic Redundancy Check]]
 |-
 | CRC delimiter|| 1|| Must be recessive (1)

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:26, 19 August 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	[[CRC]] is ~~short for "Cyclic Redundancy Check"~~.	+	[[Cyclic Redundancy Check]] (or short: [[CRC]]) is a way to verify data.

@@ Line 96: / Line 96: @@
 As can be seen the overhead is massive.  47 bit required to send a maximum of a 64 bit payload.  The CAN bus is definitely not designed for speed but rather reliability.
 == Miscellaneous Links ==
 * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAN_bus Wikipedia Article about CAN]

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:06, 17 August 2026
Line 15:		Line 15:

	{{#ev:youtube\|bmtOyr7UYNo}}		{{#ev:youtube\|bmtOyr7UYNo}}
		+
		+	New video on Streamline
		+
		+	{{#ev:youtube\|urtuDQOOEH0}}

	== Filters ==		== Filters ==

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 <div class="res-img">
-[[File:CAN_ISO11898-2_Network.png|800px]]
+[[File:CAN_ISO11898-2_Network.png|1200px]]
 </div>
@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 [[File:CAN_Node.png|400px]]
 </div>
 == Multi Master ==
@@ Line 62: / Line 61: @@
 == CAN Frame ==
-[[File:CAN-bus-frame-with-stuff-bit-and-correct-CRC.png|thumb|center|750px|A complete CAN bus frame, including stuff bits, a correct CRC, and inter-frame spacing]]
+[[File:CAN-bus-frame-with-stuff-bit-and-correct-CRC.png|thumb|center|850px|A complete CAN bus frame, including stuff bits, a correct CRC, and inter-frame spacing]]
 The frame format is as follows: The bit values are described for CAN-LO signal.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Video
 |series=STM32 Tutorial Video
-|number=97
+|number=98
 |title=Streamline CAN Bus
 |youtube-id=urtuDQOOEH0
 |description=CAN bus on CurrentMakers streamline.
 }}

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:55, 8 August 2026
(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)
Line 3:		Line 3:

	This has been confirmed on [[STM32F103]], [[STM32L432]] and [[STM32F40x]].		This has been confirmed on [[STM32F103]], [[STM32L432]] and [[STM32F40x]].
		+
		+	== Speculation ==
		+
		+	While not confirmed it is quite possible that this is common in all [[STM32]] [[MCU]]s which share datasheets. If we look at the STM32G474, the datasheet overview looks like this:
		+
		+	<div class="res-img">
		+	[[File:Example datasheet STM32G474xB STM32G474xC STM32G474xE.png\|800px]]
		+	</div>
		+
		+	Most likely, these MCU's all have 512 kB of flash even if some report having less.
		+
		+	== Video ==
		+
		+	{{#ev:youtube\|lMNvgP76n2E}}

	== STM32L432 ==		== STM32L432 ==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[Category:STM32]][[Category:Flash]][[Category:STM32 Hardware]][[Category:STM32 Documentation]][[Category:STM32 Development]]{{metadesc|STM32L432Kx Flash Size}}[[File:FidoKey rev. a - top view.jpg|thumb]]
+[[Category:STM32]][[Category:Flash]][[Category:STM32 Hardware]][[Category:STM32 Documentation]][[Category:STM32 Development]]{{metadesc|STM32 Real Flash Size}}
 The STM32L432Kx is available with two different flash sizes.  The STM32L432KB has got 128 kB while the STM32L432KC has got 256 kB.
 I recently created a USB "key" using the STM32L432.  The reason for using this specific [[STM32]] [[MCU]] was twofold:
@@ Line 14: / Line 21: @@
 Inspired by this, I decided to test the STM32L432KB on my own board.  As per the datasheet this processor is supposed to have 128 kB of flash ranging from 0x8000000 to 0x801FFFF.
-== Testing ==
+=== Testing ===
 [[File:Flash Size Test Setup.jpg|thumb|300px|STM32L432 Test Setup]]
@@ Line 140: / Line 147: @@
 They are identical, so it is absolutely confirmed that this particular STM32L432KB is in fact a STM32L432KC which identifies as a STM32L432KB.
 == Miscellaneous Links ==

@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
 File:LED_symbol.svg|LED symbol
 File:Schottky_diode_symbol.svg|Schottky diode symbol
-File:Zener_diode_symbol.svg|Zener diode symbol
+File:Zener_diode_symbol-2.svg|Zener diode symbol
 </gallery>

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:35, 5 August 2026
Line 19:		Line 19:

	{{#ev:youtube\|U293YOWHa2I\|1200}}		{{#ev:youtube\|U293YOWHa2I\|1200}}
		+
		+	== Miscellaneous links ==
		+
		+	* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt Wikipedia article on Watts]
		+	* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_(physics) Wikipedia article on Power]

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 </div>
-You can play with this circuit in [https://stm32world.com/circuitjs/circuitjs.html CircuitJS] by clicking [https://stm32world.com/circuitjs/circuitjs.html?ctz=CQAgjCAMB0l3BWcMBMcUHYMGZIA4UA2ATmIxAUgoqoQFMBaMMAKADcQAWOCsFLnpzCEoo7tSqToCFgCde-BHwVdhosPBYB3AVSEjuVbHk5RtukMdNL+VszpuWTK-fZWOPnU5HOGKXi0cfbAw9PFoAzmxFAOxRHx0-BEjo-29fcLT3AJ8AB0s0LlTovWIROMlkeE1EnjsSp3SdBvrCqP4EgtLywuSmrqyknJYAey4QQm8BUglYFCQqflNsFmNwEAAxCCoIDXgQJhAAJToAZwBLU4AXAEMAOwBjOlW8US3RBkLCw4A1EYAbW4Ac2eQA here]
+You can play with this circuit in [https://stm32world.com/circuitjs/circuitjs.html CircuitJS] by clicking [https://stm32world.com/circuitjs/circuitjs.html?ctz=CQAgjCAMB0l3BWcMBMcUHYMGZIA4UA2ATmIxAUgoqoQFMBaMMAKADcQAWOCsFLnpzCEoo7tSqToCFgCde-BHwVdhosPBYB3AVSEjuVbHk5RtukMdNL+VszpuWTK-fZWOPnU5HOGKXi0cfbAw9PFoAzmxFAOxRHx0-BEjo-29fcLT3AJ8AB0s0LlTovWIROMlkeE1EnjsSp3SdBvrCqP4EgtLywuSmrqyknJYADwocS2I8EEJCcm4IUxRTAFUAHQBnNYBHTYAlTZHNgElR8f4vCFnTLxuQZZAABU2dzfWNo43TgHsuGe8BKQJNAOvc-tgWMZwCAAGIQKgQDTwEBMEB7OgbACWGwALgBDAB2AGM6JDplQ4aIGIVCqiAGrfAA2+IA5qSgA here]
 In any circuit, there exists a fixed relationship between the voltage, the resistance and the current.  This is expressed by Ohm's Law, which states:

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:55, 5 August 2026
(2 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 5:		Line 5:
	In [[DC]] circuits it is calculated with the following formula:		In [[DC]] circuits it is calculated with the following formula:

		+	<syntaxhighlight lang="C">
		+	P = U x I
		+	</syntaxhighlight>

		+	Where '''P''' is the power in '''Watts''', '''U''' is the voltage in '''Volts''' and '''I''' is the current in '''Ampere'''.

	== Perpetual motion ==		== Perpetual motion ==

@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 In any circuit, there exists a fixed relationship between the voltage, the resistance and the current.  This is expressed by Ohm's Law, which states:
-<pre>
+<syntaxhighlight lang="C">
 U = R x I
-</pre>
+</syntaxhighlight>
 It is worth noticing that U is being used for a potential difference in most of mainland Europe, whereas the colonists prefer a V:

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:52, 5 August 2026
Line 2:		Line 2:

	[[Electrical Power]] is measured in '''Watts''' ('''W''').		[[Electrical Power]] is measured in '''Watts''' ('''W''').
		+
		+	In [[DC]] circuits it is calculated with the following formula:
		+
		+

	== Perpetual motion ==		== Perpetual motion ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:51, 5 August 2026
(5 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Category:Electronics]]		[[Category:Electronics]]

−	{{#ev:youtube\|U293YOWHa2I}}	+	[[Electrical Power]] is measured in '''Watts''' ('''W''').
		+
		+	== Perpetual motion ==
		+
		+	Let's be clear about a few things:
		+
		+	# The '''only''' place perpetual motion is actually working is on Youtube.
		+	# The hardest part about designing a perpetual motion machine is hiding the battery
		+
		+	{{#ev:youtube\|U293YOWHa2I\|1200}}

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 TM1638 is an IC dedicated to LED (light emitting diode display) drive control and equipped with a keypad scan interface.
 {{clear}}
 == Open Drain ==
@@ Line 21: / Line 25: @@
 * [https://stm32world.com/images/e/ea/TM1638en.pdf TM1638 Datasheet]
 * [https://www.handsontec.com/dataspecs/display/TM1638.pdf TM1638 LED&Key Module]

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:16, 3 August 2026
(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 == Video ==
-To be added
+{{#ev:youtube|zQDHaaK0Dow}}
 == Simulation ==